Entrainment Models for Laminar Jets, Plumes, and Wakes

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Abstract
Entrainment models are developed for laminar axisymmetric flow in viscous jets, plumes, and wakes, and an application is made to the ascent of laminar plumes in a stably stratified environment. The entrainment flux scale is obtained using order‐of‐magnitude arguments, and in each case is shown to be proportional to the kinematic viscosity ν with the exception of thermal plumes at Prandtl numbers less than unity when it is proportional to the thermometric conductivity κ.

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