Terpene Biosynthesis in Cell-free Extracts and Excised Shoots from Wedgwood Iris

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Abstract
Excised shoots and cell-free extracts prepared from Wedgwood iris (Iris hollandica Hoog. "Wedgwood") shoots metabolized (14)C-labeled mevalonic acid (MVA). By using cell-free extracts, the (14)C from MVA-1-(14)C was recovered as (14)CO(2), while that from MVA-2-(14)C was recovered as neutral terpenes, acid-hydrolyzable terpenes, or (14)CO(2). Also, under optimal incubation conditions, 12.8 nanomoles R-MVA-2-(14)C was incorporated into neutral terpenes per milligram fresh weight per hour. In contrast, excised shoots incorporated only 0.58 nanomoles R-MVA-2-(14)C per mg fresh weight per hour. Labeled products identified from the cell-free system were squalene, farnesol, geranylgeraniol, and compounds that are converted to farnesol and geranylgeraniol after alkaline hydrolysis. Squalene and a 4,4-dimethylsterol were identified as products from excised shoots but not the terpene alcohols or the alkaline-hydrolyzable compounds.