Prognostic value of heart rate variability during long-term follow-up in chronic haemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease

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Abstract
Mortality is high in chronic haemodialysis patients with cardiovascular disease, and many of them die suddenly. Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is an increased risk for death in various populations, but its prognostic value in haemodialysis patients remains uninvestigated. We analysed the associations between 24-h HRV measures and long-term mortality through a prospective follow-up of 31 chronic haemodialysis patients who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography. Of the 31 patients, at baseline, seven had a previous myocardial infarction, five had a history of congestive heart failure and 14 had significant (> or =75%) coronary stenosis (four had multi-vessel stenosis). During follow-up for 60+/-5 months, 14 patients died, 11 of them suddenly. A left ventricular ejection fraction of or =22 or <22 was 33 or 88% for patients with coronary artery disease and 0 or 50% for those without. These results indicate that HRV has an independent prognostic value in chronic haemodialysis patients and identifies an increased risk for all-cause and sudden death.

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