Context‐dependency of cue‐elicited urge to smoke

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Abstract
Aims  Earlier studies have suggested that the cue‐induced urge to smoke depends on the expectation of the availability of smoking. The present study investigated whether a ‘room context’ change could undo the learned discrimination between two stimuli, respectively, predicting smoking availability or smoking unavailability.Design  A 2 (smoking cue) × 2 (availability context cue) × 6 (trial) × 2 (room context change) within‐subjects design was used. Participants were repeatedly presented with a context cue predicting smoking availability (blue serving tray) and a context cue predicting unavailability (yellow serving tray) in one room and tested for an effect of context change in a different room.Setting  Two distinct rooms located in different department buildings of Maastricht University.Participants  Seventeen daily smokers who had smoked at least five cigarettes a day for at least 2 years.Measurements  Self‐reported urge to smoke using a visual analogue scale (VAS).Findings and conclusions  Results replicated the finding that a context cue that predicted smoking elicited greater urges to smoke than a context cue that predicted no smoking, irrespective of the presence of smoking cues. In addition, this study showed that this differential effect on the urge to smoke was generalized to a context other than the context in which learning took place. These findings are discussed in relation to the significance of a context change regarding the predictive value of smoking availability.