Status and perspectives of high-resolution spectroscopy in the soft x-ray range (invited)

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Abstract
The present status in high‐resolution photoabsorption and photoemission spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation in the soft x‐ray range (40 eV≤hν≤1000 eV) is described. With the SX700/II monochromator, operated by the Freie Universität Berlin at the Berliner Elektronenspeicherring für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), a resolving power of up to ≥10 000 has been achieved. A practical feature of this monochromator is given by the fact that excellent energy resolution is achieved with a single 1221‐lines/mm grating in the whole soft x‐ray range considered. This opens up new opportunities in core‐level photoabsorption spectroscopy of atoms, molecules, adsorbed species, and solids. A combination of the SX700/II beam line with a high‐resolution electron spectrometer (ΔE≂15 meV) enables resonant photoemission studies of rare‐earth materials in the 4d→4f giant‐resonance region with unprecedented resolution and also at the 3d→4f absorption thresholds. This spectroscopic progress provides new insight into the correlated electronic structure of Ce systems.