Clusters of Cancer Mortality in New Jersey Municipalities; With Special Reference to Chemical Toxic Waste Disposal Sites and Per Capita Income

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Abstract
The state of New Jersey (NJ), USA, has been thought to have an unusually high cancer mortality rate; this assumption has been based on 1950–1969 mortality data for NJ counties. This study presents an analysis of mortality from major cancers for NJ municipalities during 1968–1977, and correlates cancer mortality rates with several potentially relevant variables. Age-adjusted mortality rates for 13 major cancer sites for 194 municipalities of 10000 or more people in 21 NJ counties were compared with cancer mortality in the US. Municipality rates were correlated with: distribution of chemical toxic waste disposal sites (CTWDS); annual per capita income; the rates of low birth weight, birth defects and infant mortality of NJ municipalities. Clusters of cancer mortality were observed in 23 municipalities in 10 counties in which a total of 98 age-adjusted cancer death rates were at least 50% above the national rate, and each of these municipalities had at least two race-sex-specific cancers in which the observed number of cancer deaths was greater than the expected number of deaths at the p<0.0005 level. Of these 98 excessive cancer death rates. 72% involved the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the municipalities are located in the highly industrialized densely populated northeastern part of the State. Correlation analyses showed a consistent and significant (p<0.05) negative correlation between income and cancer mortality in 11 of 12 cancers studied. These analyses also showed a significant positive association between 8 of 12 cancers studied and CTWDS in one or more subgroup populations and lesser associations with the birth defects, low birth weight and infant mortality.