Double exchange and electron hopping in magnetite

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Abstract
A Zener double-exchange model is formulated for magnetite and is used to describe the electron-hopping process. The main consequence of this model is that the electrons participating in the hopping process in any imperfect or nonstoichiometric (i.e. real) sample of magnetite can be regarded as being essentially localized to hopping within particular (Fe2+–Fe3+) octahedral cation pairs, and not as being in either some form of 3d conduction band or as participating in a nonlocalized electron-transfer process. Well-known results on the electrical conductivity, and new results with the Mossbauer effect in magnetite are then explained in terms of this pair-localized electron-hopping model.

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