Adaptations of Muscle to Various Exercises

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Abstract
In these days of interest in physical activity, isometric exercise, and fitness geared to the improvement of the human soma, if not the psyche, it is reasonable to expect certain basic cause-andeffect answers about these preoccupations. Yet it is uncertain, though plausible, that exercise is hygienic; and, if it is, it is even more uncertain how it works. Another fundamental question is the mechanism of the ergogenic effects of exercise. Obvious as it is at the gross level, many details remain obscure. Though maintenance of health through activity is important, it is this ergogenic aspect of exercise, the enhancement of work performance, that we wish to discuss. The idea that strength and hypertrophy together invariably result from strenuous exercise is firmly rooted in popular and medical thought. Physiologically, this dual effect is included in the general term, work-hypertrophy. Second, the assumption of interdependence of strength and hypertrophy also implies that

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