Abstract
The dissipation of electromagnetic energy within a microwave heated layer has been analyzed. It has been shown that the dissipation oscillates as a function of temperature, regardless of the specimen material. This oscillation, combined with the heat loss, is found to be responsible for thermal runaway phenomenon in isothermal slabs. Based on such an observation, a general rule to prevent thermal runaway was developed. Slab temperature analysis for time dependent microwave power indicates that the concept of bistability is not the appropriate term to describe the observed jumps in temperature.

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