Pain management and regional anaesthesia in the trauma patient

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Abstract
Purpose of the review Treatment of the trauma patient has evolved rapidly in the past decade. Nevertheless, the treatment of pain as part of overall trauma management has been relatively neglected. This update reviews recent publications related to pain relief in the trauma patient. Recent findings Although recent publications suggest that the assessment and treatment of pain in trauma have improved, most studies still document inadequate analgesia. We discuss the use of different analgesia strategies in the prehospital and emergency room settings. Summary Educating the emergency room staff to perform early routine assessment of pain and to be familiar with the administration of analgesia are key elements to improved pain management in trauma. Peripheral nerve block techniques should be practised by emergency room staff. If simple techniques are chosen, competence can be achieved with short, focused training sessions. Further developments are needed in order to provide safer and more effective analgesia to the trauma patient.