Expression of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) mRNA in macrophages is enhanced by interleukin-1 β, tumor necrosis factor α, and lipopolysaccharide

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Abstract
A cDNA encoding the CC chemokine MDC was isolated from a human macrophage cDNA library by differential hybridization using monocyte- and macrophage-specific cDNA probes. During monocyte to macrophage differentiation in vitro, MDC expression is first detected after 1 day of culturing and reaches maximum levels after 6 days when macrophages have fully matured, as judged from the expression of known macrophage marker genes. Exposure of macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in a dose-dependent increase in MDC mRNA levels, with maximum induction occurring after 6–8 h, whereas expression levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), MIP-2, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) respond much faster to LPS. Furthermore, MDC expression in macrophages is enhanced by the inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-1β. Similar to other TNF-α/IL-1β-inducible genes, costimulation of macrophages with both cytokines leads to higher MDC expression levels than stimulation with a single cytokine. By contrast, both resting and activated monocytes do not express MDC mRNA. J. Leukoc. Biol. 63: 606–611; 1998.

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