Confinement and structure of electrostatically coupled dust clouds in a direct current plasma–sheath

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Abstract
Mechanisms for the confinement and the internal structure of an electrostatically coupled dust cloud formed in a dc glow discharge have been investigated from a comparative viewpoint between experimental observations and a simple model. Two kinds of dust clouds with different internal structures are clearly observed, depending on the dispersion of the size distribution of dust particles. The dust cloud can be trapped only in the plasma–sheath boundary area, corresponding to the potential minimum region determined by gravitational and electrostatic forces in the cathode sheath. No dust particles were found deep inside of the sheath, which is consistent with the analysis because the dust particles may be charged positively due to an extreme reduction of the electron density. The internal structure of the electrostatically coupled dust cloud was found to be arranged so that the total potential energy, including the repulsive Coulomb interaction among negative dust particles, may become minimal.