Annular focusing through a dielectric interface: scanning and confining the intensity

Abstract
We study the problem of light focusing by a high-aperture lens through a planar interface between two media with different refractive indices. It is demonstrated how, by using annular illumination, the intensity distribution can be significantly confined. A new scanning mechanism is proposed to continuously probe the intensity peak through the second medium. This mechanism may be applied in, for example, lithography and three-dimensional imaging.

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