The Development of the South Asian Summer Monsoon and the Intraseasonal Oscillation

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Abstract
Fourteen years (1980–93) of National Aeronautics and Space Administration reanalysis data are used to document and study the variability in the development of the South Asian summer monsoon associated with the Intraseasonal Oscillation (ISO). The focus is on the coupling of the large-scale upper-level divergent circulation with the low-level southwesterlies and the associated developing regions of moisture convergence and precipitation, which serve to define the onset times of the various regions of the South Asian monsoon. The impact of the ISO on the development of the low-level southwesterlies is both local and remote, and depends on the strength and phasing of the ISO with the seasonal cycle. Of the 14 yr examined here, 6 showed a strong contribution to the northeastward progression and onset of the monsoon rains over India. In these cases, the ISO is initially (about 2 weeks prior to onset of rains over India) out of phase with, and therefore suppresses, the seasonal development of the regio... Abstract Fourteen years (1980–93) of National Aeronautics and Space Administration reanalysis data are used to document and study the variability in the development of the South Asian summer monsoon associated with the Intraseasonal Oscillation (ISO). The focus is on the coupling of the large-scale upper-level divergent circulation with the low-level southwesterlies and the associated developing regions of moisture convergence and precipitation, which serve to define the onset times of the various regions of the South Asian monsoon. The impact of the ISO on the development of the low-level southwesterlies is both local and remote, and depends on the strength and phasing of the ISO with the seasonal cycle. Of the 14 yr examined here, 6 showed a strong contribution to the northeastward progression and onset of the monsoon rains over India. In these cases, the ISO is initially (about 2 weeks prior to onset of rains over India) out of phase with, and therefore suppresses, the seasonal development of the regio...

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