Pre?spawning mortality of koaro ( Galaxias brevipinnis ) in Apias Creek, north?east Ruahine Range, North Island, New Zealand (Note)

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Abstract
Large adult koaro (Galaxias brevipinnis) were found dead or dying in Apias Creek, Ruahine Range, New Zealand during March 1995. All dead fish examined were ripe, confirming spawning takes place in the vicinity of the adult habitat. Males ranged from 174 mm to 245 mm total length, females from 201 mm to 288 mm TL. Stomach contents included aquatic insects, coarse sand, and detritus. Although the water level in Apias Creek was lower than usual, juvenile koaro appeared healthy and active. Low water levels may have delayed spawning to the point where pre‐spawning fish died of old age.

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