Electric dipole-dipole interaction in CaF2 : R3+ and SrF2 : R3+ : Results of ITC and EPR experiments

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Abstract
The present study deals with total R3+ on concentrations ranging from about 0.02 to 6 Mol. % ! The different types of local charge compensation centers have been investigated by means of EPR, electric field effect in EPR and ITC and it was found that : i) dipole-dipole interactions significantly modify the shape of the ITC-curves even at moderate R3+ concentrations ; ii) at higher concentrations (> 0.1 Mol. %) dipole-dipole interaction changes the defect structure of for example SrF2 : Gd3+. Large variations of the ratio of the concentrations of tetragonal and trigonal (= n.n. and n.n.n., respectively) charge compensators have been observed as a function of the total Gd3+ concentration ; iii) the permanent electric dipoles associated with the charge compensation centers influence the crystal field parameters of the Gd3+-ion in fluorite type crystals

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