Activation of the electrogenic sodium pump in guinea‐pig auricles by internal sodium ions

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Abstract
1. The effect of various intracellular Na concentrations ([Na]i) on the membrane potential after hypothermia was studied in guinea‐pig auricles.2. For varying [Na]i, the atria were cooled for 4 hr at 4‐6° C in a K‐poor solution with different concentrations of NaCl. The auricles were rewarmed in normal Tyrode solution at 35° C.3. Extracellular space (ECS), intracellular Na and K concentrations ([Na]i and [K]i) and membrane potential of the atria were measured before and after hypothermia.4. The ECS, measured as inulin space, amounted to 350 ml./kg wet wt. at 35° C and to 300 ml./kg wet wt. at 4‐6° C.5. [K]i decreased during cooling and increased during rewarming the auricles. [Na]i increased during hypothermia in bathing fluids containing NaCl, but decreased in NaCl‐ and Na‐free solutions. At the beginning of rewarming a net Na transport occurred from cells with high [Na]i, while a net Na uptake took place in atria with low [Na]i.6. At the same time, the membrane potential of auricles with increased [Na]i hyperpolarized beyond the steady‐state value recorded at the end of rewarming, or even beyond the calculated K+ equilibrium potential (EK). Afterwards, the hyperpolarization levelled off, while the EK values increased further. The membrane potential of atria with decreased [Na]i showed no transitory hyperpolarization during rewarming.7. The hyperpolarization beyond the steady‐state value of membrane potential in rewarmed auricles was significantly correlated to the active Na efflux.8. From these results it is concluded that the membrane potential of guinea‐pig atria after hypothermia is affected by an active, electrogenic Na pump activated by intracellular Na ions.