Chemical Strengthening of Polycrystalline Ceramics

Abstract
The feasibility of strengthening polycrystalline ceramic bodies by low‐expansion solid solution surface layers was established. Failure, by shearing of the surface layers, was prevented by establishing gradual variations in composition and in thermal expansion coefficient which, in turn, resulted in gradual variations in stresses and reduction of the maximum shear stress. Titania ceramics were strengthened by TiO2‐SnC2 surface layers and alumina ceramics were strengthened by Al2O3‐Cr2O3 surface layers.

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