Abstract
A general synthesis procedure capable of realizing any stable transfer function is described; generalized-immittance converters are used in which the input immittance is proportional tos^{2} \timesload immittance. The resulting realizations are shown to have low sensitivity to element variations. The sensitivity in realizations of second-order transfer functions is independent of the selectivity and it is shown to be much lower than the sensitivity in realizations using positive-gain amplifiers or negative-immittance converters. A unique feature is that in some cases the same circuit can be used as a low-pass as well as a high-pass filter. The synthesis procedure is illustrated by examples and experimental results.

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