Crystal structure of human dihydrofolate reductase complexed with folate

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Abstract
The crystal structure of recombinant human dihydrofolate reductase with folate bound in the active site has been determined and the structural model refined at 0.2‐nm resolution. Preliminary studies of the binding of the inhibitors methotrexate and trimethoprim to the human apoenzyme have been performed at 0.35‐nm resolution. The conformations of the chemically very similar ligands folate and methotrexate, one a substrate the other a potent inhibitor, differ substantially in that their pteridine rings are in inverse orientations relative to their p‐aminobenzoyl‐l‐glutamate moieties. Methotrexate binding is similar to that previously observed in two bacterial enzymes but is quite different from that observed in the enzyme from a mouse lymphoma cell line [Stammers et al. (1987) FEBS Lett. 218, 178–1841. The geometry of the polypeptide chain around the folate binding site in the human enzyme is not consistent with conclusions previously drawn with regard to the species selectivity of the inhibitor trimethoprim [Matthews et al. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 392–399].