Fluid and electrolyte therapy in patients during and after surgery

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Abstract
The maintenance of proper fluid and electrolyte balance in the perioperative period requires a comprehensive understanding of both the quantity of fluid administration and the quality of solutions selected. Studies have demonstrated that improved outcome and recovery occur when proper hydration is maintained by intraoperative intravenous fluid administration. Currently, however, there is little information available concerning the maximum postoperative volume of fluid that can be safely administered to avoid adverse consequences such as systemic hypoperfusion or fluid overload. The avoidance of postoperative sequelae, including renal insufficiency and pulmonary edema, requires a thorough understanding of basic systemic physiology and the ability to evaluate existing pathophysiology using observational skills and careful monitoring assessment. This paper reviews recent literature on optimal fluid and electrolyte therapy in the perioperative period.

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