Observations of copepod swarms in Lake Tahoe1

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Abstract
During summer 1980, dense swarms of the calanoid copepod Diaptomus tyrrelli formed during midday in several areas of the nearshore surface of Lake Tahoe, California‐Nevada. Swarms were most consistently found immediately adjacent to rocks in pools protected from wave action. Swarms were as dense as 11,354 copepods·liter−1 and composed primarily of adult males. They were not formed passively by currents. Swarming copepods have greater mating success than midlake copepods. Swarming may offer some protection from fish predation. The high densities and small size of swarms indicate that they could severely alter estimates of zooplankton density when they are included in integrated net tows.

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