Phylogenetic relationship between the tuberous Solanum species as revealed by restriction endonuclease analysis of chloroplast DNA.

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Abstract
Cytoplasmic relationship between 37 tuberous Solanum accessions and hybrids and 2 Lycopersicon spp. [L. esculentum, L. peruvianum] was investigated by restriction fragment pattern analysis of chloroplast DNA using 8 endonucleases. Variations found in their chloroplast DNA were subjected to mutation analysis, from which a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The 30 spp. studied are classified into 4 groups from their chloroplast DNA similarities: South American species and Mexican polyploid species; Mexican diploid species; S. etuberosum; and S. lycopersicoides and Lycopersicon spp. These groups correspond well to the groups established from crossability by Hawkes (1978). Cytoplasmic differences between 22 spp. in the 1st group are so small that these species seem to be of recent origin. Mexican diploid species in the 2nd group greatly differ from those in the 1st group, and also from each other. S. etuberosum differs from all others by at least 21 mutational changes. S. lycopersicoides is rather closely related to the Lycopersicon spp. and is different from other Solanum spp. by at least 21 mutational changes. Cytoplasms of all cultivated species except common potato, S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum have originated monophyletically from S. stenotomum. The cytoplasm of common potato is revealed to have derived from Chilean S. tuberosum as pointed out by some workers, but the cytoplasm donor to Chilean S. tuberosum remains unidentified.

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