A review of the status, distribution and conservation of the Socotra Cormorant, Phalacrocorax nigrogularis

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Abstract
The Socotra Cormorant Phalacrocorax nigrogularis is endemic to the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Based on data available in the literature and on personal observations in Saudi Arabia, the status, distribution and conservation requirements of the species are summarized. The total world population may still consist of 500,000 to 1 million birds. Nevertheless there are only a few important breeding colonies. Several breeding colonies have been lost in the most recent past due to industrial development and an increase in human activity on and around the breeding islands. These pressures are now threatening several of the surviving colonies. Urgent action has to be taken to give effective protection to this highly vulnerable species, A general plan to enhance the conservation status of this species and its breeding colonies is put forward.

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