Serological Survey of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Serotypes 1 and 2 in California Turkeys

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Abstract
The prevalence of 2 infectious bursal disease (IBD) viruses, serotype 1, of chicken origin, and serotype 2, of turkey origin, was studied in California turkeys. Serum samples were collected from 15 turkey flocks representing 9 counties. The virus-neutralization test was used. Overall, only 15% of 342 samples were positive for serotype 1; 89% were positive for serotype 2. However, 12 of 15 flocks had at least 1 sample positive for serotype 1, and 14 of 15 flocks had at least 1 sample positive for serotype 2. Flocks with antibodies to serotype 1 had low geometric mean titers (GMT) (1.5-8.8) and low-to-medium prevalence rates (5-53.3%). Flocks with antibodies to serotype 2 had high GMT (36.8-2048) and high prevalence rates (60-100%). Results of this study question the efficacy of IBD vaccination in turkeys.