Field Studies on the Effects of Insecticides on Some Aquatic Wildlife Species1

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Abstract
The effect of 29 insecticides at multiple dosages in the field was studied on the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard). This fish is considered one of the most important predators of immature stages of mosquitoes. At mosquito larvicidal rates, 11 experimental compounds plus naled (formerly known as Dibrom), methyl parathion and ronnel were nontoxic to the fish; the remaining 10 experimental materials plus Guthion® (O, O-dimethyl S-(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-(4H) ylmethyl) phosphorodithioate), ethyl Guthion® (O, O-diethyl S-(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3(4H)-ylmethy1) phosphorodithioate), diazinon, parathion, and carbophenothion (formerly designated Trithion) manifested varying degrees of toxicity. Eighteen materials were tested against pollywogs (aquatic larval stages) of the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana, western toad Bufo boreas, and Hammond’s spade foot toad Scaphiopushammondi. Of the 11 materials tested against the first named species, Bayer 38920 (6,7,8,9,10, 10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-3-methyl-6,9-methano-2A-benzodioxepin) (at 0.5 and 2.0 pounds per acre), carbophenothion (at 0.4 and 1.6 pounds per acre) and GC-3582 (O, O-diethyl-1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate) (at 0.4 and 1.6 pounds per acre) were highly toxic. The remaiming six experimental materials plus naled and ethyl Guthion were nontoxic to this species. The seven materials including parathion, Guthion, methyl parathion, ronnel and there experimental compounds tested against B. boreas and S. hammondi were all nontoxic for 24 hours after application.

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