Food Resource Utilization by Five Species of Benthic Feeding Fish in Passamaquoddy Bay, New Brunswick

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Abstract
Feeding relationships of various fish species, and their relationship to the composition of the surrounding sediments, were observed for 1 yr at two sites in the lower Bay of Fundy region. The fishes were the ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus, Zoarcidae), winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Pleuronectidae), plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides, Pleuronectidae), cod (Gadus morhua, Gadidae), and witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus, Pleuronectidae). After reducing the size of the data matrix by removing redundant variables, we used discriminant function analysis to assess interspecific diet overlap and the degree to which stomach contents reflect benthic composition. Variables were ranked by their power to discriminate in pairwise comparisons among fish species and between a given fish species and benthic grab samples. Many amphipods are utilized to an equal or greater extent than their abundances in the sediments would suggest. Many annelids are underutilized. Predation by each fish species was a selective process, and interspecific diet differences are related to the morphology of the predator and the behavior and microhabitat of the prey. The fishes diets, however, are also correlated with spatial and temporal changes in the benthic composition. Specific examples are presented. As benthic food abundance increased in the surrounding sediments all predator species increased their food consumption and interspecific diet overlap declined. In some cases the degree of exploitation depended upon the size rather than the abundance of the prey item.