A MICROMECHANICAL VIEW OF THE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF ICE

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Abstract
Fracture toughness tests have been performed on freshwater ice as a function of grain size, temperature, and loading rate. Results indicate that toughness increases as temperature and grain size decrease. Toughness is constant with loading rate ([MATH]) above a critical loading rate, [MATH]t, which is temperature dependent. Below [MATH]t the toughness increases as [MATH] decreases. The results are explained in terms of a micromechanical model

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