Breeding Vocalizations of Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii and Related Species, with Remarks on Phylogeny and Adaptation

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Abstract
Vocalizations of Baird''s Sandpiper were recorded in northeastern Alaska, U.S.A. Males beat the wings continuously in a loose deep flutter during display flights. They utter Rhythmically Repeated Calls (RRCs), Song and Chatter in display flights, and a Laugh when mildly disturbed. RRCs averaged 690 ms long with intervals between them of 280 ms. They have a "buzzy" quality because they comprise a series of rapidly repeated pulses (pulse rate = 77 Hz). Songs are long, complex, multipartite utterances, and usually include Chatter at the end. Laughs are belief, simple trills consisting of a single element type repeated several times. RRCs, Chatter and Laugh are structurally homologous with call types described for other calidridine species. Phylogenetic affinities and signaling distance account for many of the acoustic features of Calidridini.

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