Potassium fluoride catalyzed reactions between malononitrile and α, β-unsaturated ketones

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Abstract
The preparation and structure elucidation of the condensation products between malononitrile and a variety of α,β-unsaturated ketones using potassium fluoride as catalyst is described. If the carbonyl group of the α,β-unsaturated ketone is hindered, then Michael addition occurs. If, however, the carbonyl group is unencumbered, a Knoevenagel reaction appears to occur first which, in many cases, is then followed by conjugate addition and intramolecular condensation to yield compounds of unusual structure.

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