Analysis of ‘Boosted Lubrication’ in Human Joints

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Abstract
The load-bearing human joint is a self-acting dynamically loaded bearing which employs a porous and elastic bearing material (articular cartilage) and a highly non-Newtonian lubricant (synovial fluid). The authors' understanding is that the human joint experiences fluid-film (including elastohydrodynamic), mixed and boundary lubrication in its various operating conditions. It has been recognized that squeeze-film action is capable of providing considerable protection to the cartilage surface once a fluid film is generated (6) (8)§. Furthermore, the possibility of an increasing concentration of hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid during the squeeze-film action due to the porous nature of the cartilage and its surface topography and the known relationship between this concentration and the effective viscosity (7) has led to the concept of ‘boosted lubrication’ as an important feature of joint behaviour (10). A mathematical analysis of the concept of boosted lubrication of human joints is presented in this paper. The predictions of the analysis are shown to be in good agreement with experimental findings (12).