Comparison of intermittent versus continuous infusion metoclopramide in control of acute nausea induced by cisplatin chemotherapy.

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Abstract
Sixty previously untreated patients with newly diagnosed advanced-stage lung cancer (21 small-cell, 39 non-small-cell) received chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide. Bleomycin was also used in the patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. During the first cycle of chemotherapy, 30 patients received antiemetic therapy with intermittent metoclopramide (regimen A), and the other 30 patients received continuous infusion metoclopramide (regimen B). During the second course of chemotherapy, patients were switched to the alternate regimen. Regimen A consisted of lorazepam, 1 mg, orally; dexamethasone, 10 mg, intravenously (IV) every four hours for three doses; diphenhydramine, 0.5 mg/kg, IV every four hours for three doses; metoclopramide, 1 mg/kg, IV bolus every two hours for six doses. Regimen B was identical to A except metoclopramide was administered as 1 mg/kg, IV bolus followed by 0.5 mg/kg/h for ten hours. Fifty-eight patients completed both antiemetic regimens. Thirty-nine of the 58 patients had total control of acute nausea and vomiting (0-1 episodes) with regimen A or B. Fourteen patients had poor control of acute nausea and vomiting (more than one episode) with regimen A but total control with regimen B. Five patients had poor control with either regimen. Dystonic reactions, akathisia, or diarrhea occurred in 20 of the 58 patients on regimen A, but in only eight of the 58 patients on regimen B. Compared with intermittent bolus, continuous infusion metoclopramide is more effective in total control of acute nausea and vomiting and has less toxicity.