Transistor sine-waveLCoscillators. Some general considerations and new developments

Abstract
The paper begins by showing that various well-known simple oscillator circuits, usually analysed separately, are essentially equivalent to one another if certain reasonable assumptions are made, and appreciation of this fact simplifies the design problem.A discussion follows concerning class-C oscillators and the difficulty of combining high efficiency with a satisfactory degree of independence of transistor parameters. The problem of avoiding squegging is also considered.A simple push-pull high-efficiency oscillator is then described, in which substantially constant current flows in each transistor for the whole of its 180° conduction angle. This oscillator is believed to possess a unique combination of desirable features.Another unusual high-efficiency oscillator is then presented, which is more elaborate than the previous one but which has advantages in certain respects.The paper ends with a description of an oscillator based on the ‘long-tailed-pair’ circuit. The oscillator is exceptionally easy to design and make, and is suitable for applications where high efficiency is not important. It can supply either a sine wave or a square wave, or both.
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