A Numerical Approach to the Analysis of Solitary Vireo Songs

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Abstract
Cluster and principal components analyses were used to represent the variation in solitary vireo digitized notes and song compositions. These vireos utter highly stereotyped notes which they sequence as a quasi-periodic Markov chain. Birds from the same locality sing similar compositions of note types, but vary among individuals in the morphology of their notes. Learning is probably important in the development of solitary vireo songs and individuals incorporate small changes in their notes.