A conformational equilibrium in a protein fragment caused by two consecutive capping boxes: 1H‐, 13C‐NMR, and mutational analysis

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Abstract
The conformational properties of an 18 residues peptide spanning the entire sequence, L1KTPA5QFDAD10ELRAA15MKG, of the first helix (A‐helix) of domain 2 of annexin I, were thoroughly investigated. This fragment exhibits several singular features, and in particular, two successive potential capping boxes, T3XXQ6 and D8XXE11. The former corresponds to the native hydrogen bond network stabilizing the α helix N‐terminus in the protein; the latter is a non‐native capping box able to break the helix at residue D8, and is observed in the domain 2 partially folded state. Using 2D‐NMR techniques, we showed that two main populations of conformers coexist in aqueous solution. The first corresponds to a single helix extending from T3 to K17. The second corresponds to a broken helix at residue D8. Four mutants, T3A, F7A, D8A, and E11A, were designed to further analyze the role of key amino acids in the equilibrium between the two ensembles of conformers. The sensitivity of NMR parameters to account for the variations in the populations of conformers was evaluated for each peptide. Our data show the δ13Cα chemical shift to be the most relevant parameter. We used it to estimate the population ratio in the various peptides between the two main ensembles of conformers, the full helix and the broken helix. For the WT, E11A, and F7A peptides, these ratios are respectively 35/65, 60/40, 60/40. Our results were compared to the data obtained from helix/coil transition algorithms.

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