Estimating the genetic variance of group characters: social behaviour of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)

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Abstract
A new approach is presented to estimate the genetic variance of social behaviour of groups. Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) are used as an example for highly social organisms. Most characters of economic importance strongly rely on collective group characters of honeybee colonies. The average relatedness between small groups of workers of one honeybee colony can be estimated using a discrete multinomial distribution. The genetic variance of a social behaviour (alarm behaviour) of groups of honeybee workers is estimated with the intraclass correlation between groups within a colony. In two populations tested, the coefficient of genetic determination was high (0.96–0.98) indicating that the metabolic bio-assay used was only weakly affected by environmental effects.