Preferential regulation of rabbit cardiac L‐type Ca2+ current by glycolytic derived ATP via a direct allosteric pathway

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Abstract
The activity of Ca2+ channels is regulated by a number of mechanisms including direct allosteric modulation by intracellular ATP. Since ATP derived from glycolysis is preferentially used for membrane function, we hypothesized that glycolytic ATP also preferentially regulates cardiac L‐type Ca2+ channels. To test this hypothesis, peak L‐type Ca2+ currents (ICa) were measured in voltage‐clamped rabbit cardiomyocytes during glycolytic inhibition (2‐deoxyglucose + pyruvate), oxidative inhibition (cyanide + glucose) or both (full metabolic inhibition; FMI). A 10 min period of FMI resulted in a 40·0 % decrease in peak ICa at +10 mV (‐5·1 ± 0·6 versus ‐3·1 ± 0·4 pA pF−1; n= 5, P < 0·01). Similar decreases in peak ICa were observed during glycolytic inhibition using 2‐deoxyglucose (‐6·2 ± 0·2 versus ‐3·7 ± 0·2 pA pF−1; n= 5, P < 0·01) or iodoacetamide (‐6·7 ± 0·3 versus ‐3·7 ± 0·2 pA pF−1; n= 7, P < 0·01), but not following oxidative inhibition (‐6·2 ± 0·4 versus ‐6·4 ± 0·3 pA pF−1; n= 5, n.s.). The reduction in ICa following glycolytic inhibition was not mediated by phosphate sequestration by 2‐deoxyglucose or changes in intracellular pH. Reductions in ICa were still observed when inorganic phosphate and creatine were included in the pipette, confirming a critical role for glycolysis in ICa regulation. With 5 mM MgATP in the pipette during FMI, peak ICa decreased by only 18·4 % (‐6·8 ± 0·6 versus ‐5·5 ± 0·3 pA pF−1; n= 4, P < 0·05), while inclusion of 5 mM MgAMP‐PCP (β,γ‐methyleneadenosine 5′‐triphosphate, Mg2+ salt) completely prevented the decrease in peak ICa (‐6·9 ± 0·3 versus ‐6·5 ± 0·3 pA pF−1; n= 5, n.s.). Together, these results suggest that ICa is regulated by intracellular ATP derived from glycolysis and does not require hydrolysis of ATP. This regulation is expected to be energy conserving during periods of metabolic stress and myocardial ischaemia.