Trends and Differentials in Disability-Free Life Expectancy: Concepts, Methods, and Findings

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Abstract
In the introduction to the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH), the World Health Organization (WHO) has argued that the classical medical model (of aetiology-pathology-manifestation) is incomplete ‘because it stops short of the consequences of disease. It is the latter, particularly, that intrude upon everyday life ... this is especially true for chronic and progressive or irreversible disorders ‘. More generally, WHO has thus proposed the following model: disease-impairment-disability-handicap.

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