Phytanic acid, a natural peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor agonist, regulates glucose metabolism in rat primary hepatocytes

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Abstract
SPECIFIC AIMSThe promiscuity of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) toward a broad range of exogenous and endogenous ligands suggests a pivotal role between food intake and the transcriptional regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to identify and elucidate the underling molecular mechanisms of possible beneficial health effects of the natural diet-derived PPAR ligand phytanic acid, with a special emphasis on non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus prevention.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS1. Transcriptional activation of PPAR isoforms by phytanic acid in CV-1 cellsWe investigated the trans-activational effect of phytanic acid and its natural stereomers on the acyl CoA oxidase PPAR-responsive element (ACO-PPRE), using a luciferase reporter gene construct (ACO-PPRE)4-tk-luc cotransfected with the human PPAR isoforms α, β, and γ in CV-1 cells. Endogenous ACO gene expression and expression of comparable reporter constructs have been shown to be ligand-dependently activated ...