Concurrent Prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency and Obesity among Women in Purworejo, Central Java, Indonesia

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Abstract
There are few studies on the nutritional status of nonpregnant women. A population-based, cross-sectional study of nutritional status in 5,817 non-pregnant women 15 to 49 years of age was conducted in Purworejo District, Indonesia, in 1996. Weight, height, mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC), and triceps skinfold thickness were measured, and information on socio-economic, demographic, and reproductive factors was collected. Seventeen percent of the women had chronic energy deficiency and 11% were obese. Mean weight, MUAC, and triceps skinfold thickness corresponded to the 25th percentile of standards and mean height to the 5th percentile. Obesity was more common among older women and chronic energy deficiency among both the oldest and the youngest women. Women working in agriculture, not using contraceptives, and not owning a television, radio, or refrigerator were more likely to have chronic energy deficiency. In summary, both chronic energy deficiency and obesity existed in Purworejo, and risk factors were identified. Interventions are needed to improve the nutritional status of girls and women before and after pregnancy.