The First 20 Years of Nurse Practitioner Literature: An Evolution of Joint Practice Issues

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Abstract
This study examines literature produced during the first 20 years of the nurse practitioner movement. The content of sampled articles suggests that the nurse practitioner/joint practice movement did not evolve in a social vacuum; historical situations and economic conditions limited or defined options. Licensure, clinical autonomy, prescriptive authority and third-party (insurance) payments are dominant issues within the many articles discussing dependent, independent and team-organized health care delivery. Whether joint practice or private practice will facilitate non-hierarchical relations among nurse practitioners and medical doctors, vs. acting as an ideological cover for continued inequality, remains to be determined.

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