Plasma membrane proton ATPase from human kidney

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Abstract
Distal urinary acidification is thought to be mediated by a proton ATPase (H+‐ATPase). We isolated a plasma membrane fraction from human kidney cortex and medulla which contained H+‐ATPase activity. In both the cortex and medulla the plasma membrane fraction was enriched in alkaline phosphatase, maltase, Na+,K+‐ATPase and devoid of mitochondrial and lysosomal contamination. In the presence of oligomycin (to inhibit mitochondrial ATPase) in the presence of ouabain (to inhibit Na+,K+‐ATPase) and in the absence of Ca (to inhibit Ca2+‐ATPase) this plasma membrane fraction showed ATPase activity which was sensitive to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and N‐ethylmaleimide. This ATPase activity was also inhibited by vanadate, 4,4′‐diisothiocyano‐2,2′‐disulfonic stilbene and ZnSO4. In the presence of ATP, but not GTP or UTP, the plasma membrane fraction of both cortex and medulla was capable of quenching of acridine orange fluorescence, which could be dissipated by nigericin indicating acidification of the interior of the vesicles. The acidification was not affected by presence of oligomycin or ouabain indicating that it was not due to mitochondrial ATPase or Na+,K+‐ATPase, respectively. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and N‐ethylmaleimide completely abolished the acidification by this plasma membrane fraction. In the presence of valinomycin and an outward‐directed K gradient, there was increased quenching of acridine orange, indicating that the H+‐ATPase is electrogenic. Acidification was not altered by replacement of Na by K, but was critically dependent on the presence of chloride. In summary, the plasma membrane fraction of the human kidney cortex and medulla contains a H+‐ATPase, which is similar to the H+‐ATPase described in other species, and we postulate that this H+‐ATPase may be involved in urinary acidification.