Cross-resistance and Dominance Relationships of Pyrethroids in a Permethrin-selected Strain of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

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Abstract
A number of pyrethroids were tested against susceptible, heterozygous, and homozygous resistant larvae of Culex quinquefasctatus Say. Resistance levels in fully resistant individuals (18.6-fold to 1,591-fold) were primarily contingent on the presence or absence of the 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol side chain. Hybrid resistance levels (3.1- to 17.0-fold) appeared to be related to the intrinsic activity of each compound. Dominance of resistance varied, ranging from -0.569 to +0.365.