Experimental canine hepatic artery embolization with polyvinyl alcohol foam particles.

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Abstract
Segmental and complete hepatic artery embolization with Ivalon (polyvinyl alcohol) particles (0.25 to 1 mm) [a technique used in tumor devascularization] was performed in 12 dogs to evaluate hepatic function alterations and histopathological changes. In dogs undergoing segmental embolization, liver function alterations were minimal and the liver was normal, both grossly and microscopically, at autopsy. In dogs undergoing complete hepatic embolization, only 2 had significant elevation of SGOT [serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase] and alkaline phosphatase levels, which normalized in 2 and 4 wk; 1 of these 2 dogs also had an elevated bilirubin level. A focal hepatic infarct was observed both grossly and microscopically in 1 dog and only microscopically in 4 dogs. Two dogs died of pancreatic abscess due to unintentional pancreatic embolization. Segmental embolization with Ivalon particles was apparently well tolerated by dogs and complete hepatic embolization resulted in hepatic function changes and focal infarction comparable with Gelfoam embolization.

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