Subliming Ice Surfaces: Freeze-Etch Electron Microscopy
- 5 June 1970
- journal article
- Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in Science
- Vol. 168 (3936) , 1216-1218
- https://doi.org/10.1126/science.168.3936.1216
Abstract
Vacuum sublimation of oriented single crystals of ice at temperatures from -110 to -60 degrees Celsius was studied by electron microscopy with the freeze-etch technique. Sublimation etches the ice surface to produce pits and asperities and above -85 degrees Celsius causes extreme surface roughening. The etch pits are ascribed to surface dislocations, and the extreme roughening is ascribed to the departure from unity of the vaporization coefficient. The asperities could not be attributed to impurities; they may be related to the whiskers that others have observed at higher temperatures.Keywords
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