Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Enalapril and Sustained-Release Nifedipine in Patients with Mild to Moderate Hypertension
- 1 January 1990
- journal article
- clinical trial
- Published by Springer Nature in Drugs
- Vol. 39 (2) , 67-72
- https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199000392-00013
Abstract
The long acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril was compared with the calcium channel blocker nifedipine as sustained-release formulation in 136 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. This multicentre study was carried out in a double-blind, double-dummy fashion by 28 cardiologists in private practice. After a 2-week placebo period, patients were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups; the first group received enalapril 20mg daily (n=68), and the second group received sustained-release nifedipine 20mg twice daily (n=68). The duration of treatment was 12 weeks. In both groups, hydrochlorothiazide 25mg was added at week 4 if diastolic blood pressure remained > 90mm Hg. At week 8, if the target diastolic pressure of < 90mm Hg was not achieved, the dosage of hydrochlorothiazide was increased to 50mg. The clinical characteristics of the patients in each group were comparable. After 4 weeks of treatment, the reduction in supine diastolic blood pressure was similar in both groups (12.1mm Hg in the enalapril group vs 10.3mm Hg in the nifedipine group). Moreover, although the difference between the groups was more noticeable after 12 weeks of treatment (16.3 vs 13.9mm Hg, respectively), it did not reach significance. The number of patients experiencing clinical adverse effects was significantly greater in the nifedipine group than in the enalapril group [33 (48.5%) vs 18 (26.5%), respectively]. The most common complaints of patients administered nifedipine included swollen ankles, flushing and headaches, whereas complaints in the enalapril group included cough, asthenia, and epigastralgia. Three patients were withdrawn from the study because of side effects in the enalapril group and 10 were withdrawn from the nifedipine group. These results indicate that enalapril and sustained-release nifedipine are equally effective in controlling mild to moderate hypertension. However, enalapril was much better tolerated in this study. El enalapril, inhibidor de enzimas transformador de angiotensina de actuatión prolongada, fue comparado con la nifedipina, obstructor del canal de calcio, en forma de formulatión de emisión sostenida en 136 pacientes con hipertensión de suave a moderada. Este experimento fue realizado en múltiples centros totalmente al azar por 28 cardiólogos en sus consultas particulares. Tras un período placebo de 2 semanas, los pacientes fueron distribuidos al azar en 2 grupos de tratamiento: el primero recibió 20 mg/dia de enalapril (n=68) y el segundo recibió 20mg de nifedipina dos veces al día en emisíón sostenida (n=68). El tratamiento duró 12 semanas. En ambos grupos se añadió 25mg de hidroclorotiácida en la cuarta semana cuando la presión sanguínea diastólica permanecia > 90mm Hg. Si en la octava semana no se alcanzaba la presión diastólica propuesta (< 90mm Hg), la dosis de hidroclorotiâcida se aumentaba a 50mg. Las caracteristicas clinicas de los pacientes de cada grupo eran comparables. Después de 4 semanas de tratamiento, la reducción de la presión sanguínea diastólica supina era similar en ambos grupos (12,1mm Hg en el grupo de enalapril vs. 10,3mm Hg en el grupo de nifedipina). Además, aunque la diferencia entre los grupos era más evidente tras 12 semanas de tratamiento (16,3 vs 13,9mm Hg respectivamente), no alcanzó niveles de importancia. El número de pacientes que sufrieron efectos clínicos adversos fue considerablemente mayor en el grupo de la nifedipína que en el del enalapril (33 [48,5%] vs 18 [26,5%]) respectivamente. Las quejas más frecuentes de los pacientes que recibieron nifedipina incluian tobillos hinchados, enrojecimientos y dolores de cabeza, mientras que las quejas del grupo del enalapril incluían tos, astenia y epigastralgia. Tres pacientes fueron retirados del experimento a causa de efectos secundarios en el grupo de enalapril y 10 fueron retirados del grupo de la nifedipina. Estos resultados indican que el enalapril y la emisión sostenida de nifedipina son igualmente eficaces en el control de la hipertensión.Keywords
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