Electrical impedance tomography with cortical or scalp electrodes during global cerebral ischaemia in the anaesthetised rat

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Abstract
The performance of a prototype impedance imaging (electrical impedance tomography, EIT) system using cortical or scalp electrodes has been assessed in a model of global cerebral ischaemia in the anaesthetised rat. In preliminary calibration experiments using a circular array of electrodes around a tank of saline, the centre of a polythene rod could be localised with a mean error of 4% of the tank diameter, and two such rods could be discriminated when separated by 22% of the tank diameter. Cerebral ischaemia was produced by diathermy of the vertebral arteries and reversible occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 15 min. A bimodal impedance increase of about 50-200% was recorded with a ring of cortical electrodes in the fronto-occipital plane. With a similarly orientated ring of scalp electrodes, a unimodal impedance increase of about 10% was observed. In both cases, impedance reversed after cerebral reperfusion. Similar but irreversible changes were observed post mortem.