Discontinuities along thrust faults and the cleavage duplexes

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Abstract
Thrust faults are typically discontinuous. Based on the relative positions of adjacent fault segments, the discontinuities along thrust faults can be classified into two major groups: along-strike and down-dip. Adjacent fault segments are linked by transfer structures such as secondary dip-slip faults, tear faults, folds, cleavages, and pull-apart openings. Duplex structures are compressional down-dip discontinuities associated with echelon thrust faults with relatively large overlaps. Duplex structures in general, and cleavage duplexes in particular, are analyzed by calculating stresses due to interacting echelon mode II cracks. The results indicate that there are significant increases in the maximum compressive stress, mean stress, and maximum shear stress at the stepover area. The orientations of the planes upon which the largest compressive stresses act in the model are approximately consistent with the orientations of the cleavage planes in a few duplexes described in the literature.

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