Male sterility caused by cooling treatment at the young microspore stage in rice plants. XXIX. The mechanism of enhancement in cool tolerance by raising water temperature before the critical stage.

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Abstract
Potted rice plants were grown in the phytotron with different water temperatures in a range from 18 to 25.degree. C during the period from the spikelet differentiation stage to just before the young microspore stage (most critical stage to cool temperature), then cooled at 12.degree. C for 3 days at the critical stage to test their cool tolerance. The cool tolerance was enhanced by raising water temperature and the enhancement in cool tolerance was closely associated with an increase in the number of engorged pollen grains per anther at anthesis. The increase in the pollen number per anther caused an increase in the number of pollen shedding on the stigma, resulting in enhancement in the percentage of fertilization. The increase in the engorged pollen grains at anthesis by raising water temperature was primarily originated from an increased differentiation of microspores. A raise of the water temperature during the critical stage also caused an increase in engorged pollen grains at anthesis. In this case, the increase in the number of pollen grains resulted from a decreased abortion of microspores. On the basis of these results, causal sequence from deep water irrigation at the booting stage to enhancement in spikelet fertility was discussed.

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