Caudate Nucleus Volumes and Genetic Determinants of Homocysteine Metabolism in the Prediction of Psychomotor Speed in Older Persons With Depression

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Abstract
The authors sought to determine whether caudate nucleus volumes or specific genotypes predict psychomotor slowing in older persons with depression. Forty-seven persons with depression (mean age=51.8 years, SD=12.4) and 20 healthy volunteers (mean age=56.1 years, SD=9.8) underwent clinical assessments, a neuropsychological test of psychomotor speed (part A of the Trail Making Test), high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans, and genotyping for the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele and a mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme. Multivariate analyses revealed that psychomotor speed was uniquely predicted by age, a diagnosis of depression, right caudate nucleus volume, and mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase enzyme. Psychomotor slowing, a key clinical and cognitive phenomenon in older persons with depression, is predicted by reduced caudate nucleus volumes and genetic determinants of homocysteine metabolism.